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European funding for research activities was envisaged in the first Community Treaties, related to coal and steel and nuclear energy, and was extended in the early 1980s with the establishment of a European framework programme for research. Research policy was subsequently progressively integrated in the Treaties, to become a shared competence between the European Union (EU) and its Member States. European funds for research and innovation activities are distributed between several interlinked ...

The European space industry occupies a strategic niche in the EU economy. The European Commission is proposing to develop a new EU space industrial policy that can support innovation and efficiency in the space industry, while creating new opportunities for jobs and growth.

This study provides an assessment of the EU “public-private dialogue” in security research and of the projects currently funded under the 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7), from the point of view of their contribution to the development of an area of freedom, security and justice. In this study, we ask two simple questions, deriving from the general objectives defined by the Stockholm programme. To what extent is EU-funded security research placed at the service of citizens? To what extent does ...

Security research has constituted, over the pas few years, a strong priority for Community policies in the field of scientific research, industry, and justice and home affairs. Community efforts in this domain have been channelled, over the period 2002-2006, through the 6th Framework programme (FP6) and the Preparatory action on security research (PASR). FP6 has sustained, within its various thematic priorities, a series of projects and programmes dealing with technological developments in the field ...

Study on the desirability of EC level legislation in the area of software patents. It is based on a comparative analysis of the present state of the law, and the advantages and disadvantages appearing from current practice in the EC Member States, the United States and Japan. While its principal focus is on software patents, the study also includes commentary on the patenting of 'business methods', as patents in this area are closely related to software patents. It has also considered the proposal ...

This study provides a concise review and analysis of key issues concerning the current state of research in genetically modified (GM) food in the EU and in the world. It takes into account, among other issues, the strategies of private companies and public research organisms, the developments of consumer and other actors' perceptions and the problems which trade in raw materials for the production of GM food may involve. The shortcomings of European legislation affect the organisation of the monitoring ...

This study considers what contribution 'newer biological life sciences' (including medical technology, biotechnology and molecular biology) can make to easing the environmental burden of the Baltic area (the St. Petersburg region and the Baltic States) in the widest sense.