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The single market celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2023. Although it has generally been a success story, a number of challenges remain. For instance, there is still no EU-wide harmonisation of the technical requirements for the road circulation of non-road mobile machinery. This has a negative effect on the functioning of the single market. This sector covers a broad range of machinery fitted with the means for self-propulsion – such as combine harvesters, excavators, ride-on mowers and forklifts ...

Listing act

Briefing 12-12-2023

The overwhelming majority of businesses in the European Union (EU) are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). They employ almost two thirds of the workforce, create 85 % of all new jobs and generate about three fifths of EU value added. In the period from 2010 to 2020, only a small proportion of EU SMEs said that they raised external financing through capital markets (4 %), while a quarter used bank loans, and a fifth used business-to-business trade credits or internal funds. To make capital ...

Export credits are a traditional instrument used in many member states of the European Union to support the export activities of firms. They are typically provided by export credit agencies (ECAs), which in turn receive support from governments. There are currently 25 such ECAs in 21 EU member states. Financial and indirect support to exporters provided through these ECAs is significant. Recent policy initiatives of the European Commission, such as the European Green Deal and Global Gateway, raise ...

The data act

Briefing 15-05-2023

On 23 February 2022, the European Commission unveiled a proposal for an EU regulation – the data act – laying down harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data. The aim is to remove barriers to consumers and businesses' access to data, in a context in which the volume of data generated by humans and machines is increasing exponentially and becoming a critical factor for innovation by businesses (e.g. algorithm training) and by public authorities (e.g. shaping of smart cities). The proposed ...

Markets in crypto-assets (MiCA)

Kort sammanfattning 12-04-2023

The European Parliament is due to vote in April on adopting a regulation on markets in crypto-assets (MiCA), following a provisional agreement on the proposal in trilogue negotiations. The regulation would establish harmonised rules for crypto-assets at EU level, thereby providing legal certainty for those crypto-assets not covered by existing EU legislation. By enhancing consumer and investor protection and financial stability, the regulation seeks to promote innovation and the use of crypto-assets ...

Packaging and packaging waste

Briefing 29-03-2023

The IA provides a good overview of the problems relating to packaging and packaging waste, and the possible impacts of the various measures proposed to address the problems. In its assessment, which is both qualitative and quantitative, the IA relies on a wealth of data sources and modelling. However, it does not clearly indicate the IA supporting studies and their full references; this would have improved transparency. The IA presents three policy options, which are partially incremental and cannot ...

General product safety regulation

Briefing 08-02-2023

On 28 November 2022, the European Parliament and the Council reached a political agreement on the proposal for a general product safety regulation. The co-legislators are now expected to adopt the agreed text formally, to allow the new regulation to come into force. The proposed regulation would replace the current General Product Safety Directive. It seeks to address the product safety challenges of emerging technologies, including use of artificial intelligence (AI) and connected devices, and to ...

On 23 November 2022, the European Parliament and the Council signed the directive amending the 2014 Radio Equipment Directive, with the aim of mandating a common charger for mobile phones and a number of other small portable devices. The amended directive, proposed by the European Commission on 23 September 2021, will require electronic devices to be equipped with a USB Type C receptacle and to incorporate the USB Power Delivery communication protocol. A separate initiative on the eco-design of external ...

This study analyses the main provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/680 as well as their implementation within national laws in order to contribute to the European Parliament’s positions and findings regarding the evaluation and review of the Directive. In that context, the study identifies shortcomings and explores potential ways forward through a concrete set of recommendations.This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at ...

The advance passenger information (API) system dates back to 2004, when the Council adopted Directive 2004/82/EC of 29 April 2004 on the obligation of carriers to communicate passenger data to improve border control and fight against irregular migration (the 'API Directive'). New data sharing schemes have since been developed to improve EU border control and migration management and, specifically, fight terrorism and serious crimes. Today, air carriers are required to transfer not only API but also ...