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Leaders and government officials from across the world will meet for the COP28 climate summit in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 30 November to 12 December, to try to raise ambition in efforts to fight climate change. The summit's main aim is to take stock of countries’ efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions to a level that keeps dangerous human-induced climate change in check, to adapt to climate change, and to mobilise climate finance. COP, or the Conference of Parties, is an annual United ...

Despite hopes to the contrary, nuclear weapons are making a comeback in the strategic planning of nuclear-armed states. The decline in nuclear arsenals worldwide is accompanied by investment in more modern nuclear weapons and delivery systems, stepping further away from the disarmament pledges the nuclear weapon states assumed under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and challenging the foundations of the Treaty. Adding to the risk of undermining the NPT's relevance and credibility are the ...

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreed on 14 July 2015 concludes the long process of negotiations concerning Iran's nuclear programme. A political understanding by the parties concerned, it aims to ensure that Iran's nuclear programme will be exclusively peaceful, in exchange for termination of restrictive measures against Iran. The deal received a generally positive reaction in Europe and Asia but mixed reception in the US and the region.

This Briefing Paper examines the legal basis of EU policy towards Iran in the context of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) legal framework. Its major emphasis is on the compatibility of the Paris Agreement concluded between the EU and Iran on 15 November 2004 with the stipulations of the NPT. In addition, the Briefing Paper addresses also the issue of Tehran’s reduced cooperation with the IAEA and its repeated threats to withdraw from ...