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Biofuels policy and indirect land use change

Kort sammanfattning 20-04-2015

The EU has been supporting biofuels, mainly as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in road transport. However, the current policy has been criticised by many, including the European Parliament, for failing to take into account emissions from indirect land use change. To address these shortcomings, the Commission presented a legislative proposal in October 2012. Second reading negotiations with the Council have delivered a compromise, now awaiting a vote in plenary.

The use of biofuels in transport is being promoted as a means of tackling climate change, diversifying energy sources and securing energy supply. Biofuels production also provides new options for using agricultural crops. However, it also gives rise to environmental, social and economic concerns which are the subject of intense debate worldwide. This study provides a detailed overview of biofuels production and consumption and of related policies worldwide. It also contains comprehensive analysis ...

In 2003, the European Union established a biofuels support policy, primarily with the aim of lowering CO2 emissions in the transport sector. Critics have accused this policy of inducing indirect land use change (ILUC), which triggers an increase in global food prices and in food insecurity for the poor, promotes the creation of large land holdings and the use of available ('marginal') land in developing countries, and not least, boosts carbon emissions. Most research carried out recently suggests ...

This note seeks to provide an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's Impact Assessment (IA) accompanying the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.

Further to the publication of a new legislative proposal addressing the emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC) and amending the Directives on Fuel Quality (Directive 98/70/EC) and Renewable Energy (Directive 2009/28/EC) by the European Commission in October 2012, the Coordinators of the ENVI Committee requested the organisation of a workshop on this issue. The workshop consisted of an exchange of views with representatives of EU institutions, research institutes, biofuels industry, NGOs and ...

Pyrolysis technology has been assessed in this report based on an examination of the costs, the benefits, the barriers to market uptake, and the potential for EU funding to contribute to innovation and/or technology deployment. Given the benefits associated with the application of biochar to soils, here we consider how it can be utilised in the context of on-farm mitigation options. Looking at application of the technology from this perspective helps underline the importance of local context and ...

Land ownership and related issues have a distinct and profound impact on poverty reduction and wealth creation in developing countries. The brief first examines different systems of land tenure in the developing world, paying attention to how differences in access to land affect development. The authors discuss the assumption that land ownership increases productivity through access to credit and greater on-land investment. The brief then provides an overview of two political and economic processes ...

This study examines the effects of the EU biofuel policy on European agriculture. The requirements in terms of feedstock and arable land of the EU biofuel targets have been evaluated by assuming scenarios of different price levels for agricultural commodities and the possibility of the EU biofuel industry to be alternatively supplied by European crops or through import. The research has also investigated the technical adaptation of agricultural holdings, the consequences of the prospective CAP changes ...

This note analyzes the impacts of biofuels on the environment and on food security in Brazil. The Brazilian biofuels industry is a world leader and currently 40% of vehicle come from ethanol from cane. Since 1990 over 42 M Ha of Brazilian forest have been lost but it cannot be on account of biofuel. In other hand, there is little evidence that biofuels cause hunger: prices of most food in Brazil have been falling compared to the general price since 1994. In addition, the biofuel industry provides ...

This paper provides a brief overview of the relation of biofuels with land use changes and impacts on food security.