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The briefing presents an overview of sklls challenges, European and international policy responses. Further, it analyses the three European skills agendas 2010, 2016 and 2020 from a lifelong learning perspective. The note covers aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Surveys reveal that 70 million adults have insufficient basic skills, which can lead to problems at individual and societal levels. The Skills Guarantee aims to encourage upskilling pathways at national level, with implementation and monitoring supported by the European Commission. The European Parliament highlights the importance of the involvement of social partners, the recognition of informal learning outcomes, the appropriate use of funds, synergies with other tools and more action at EU level ...

Indonesia is by far the largest south-east Asian economy and a member of the G20. Structural problems are preventing the country from achieving its full economic potential and are dragging down growth. President Joko Widodo has set an ambitious economic reform agenda, but there are still enormous obstacles and it is too early to say whether his efforts will have a lasting impact.

The ongoing and anticipated impact of digitalisation and the digital single market not only provides opportunities, but also presents challenges in terms of the job dynamics and changes in working conditions. The net effects of digitalisation on employment are ambiguous, but job losses in certain sectors are inevitable. Classic employer-employee relationships are also under pressure. The transformation of jobs calls for different skills requirements which could lead to growing skill gaps and mismatch ...